Article 14 -18

Article 14 – Equality Before Law
Key Points:
  • Ensures equality before law for all persons
  • Law applies equally to every individual
  • Prohibits arbitrary discrimination by the State
Important Note: Equality does not mean treating everyone identically. Reasonable classification is allowed.
Example: Government cannot punish one person for an offence and let another go free for the same offence.
Article 15 – Prohibition of Discrimination
Key Points:
  • No discrimination on religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
  • Applies to access to shops, hotels, public places
  • Allows special provisions for women and backward classes
Important Note: Reservation for SC, ST, OBC and women is allowed under this article.
Example: A hotel cannot deny entry to a person because of their caste or religion.
Article 16 – Equality of Opportunity in Public Employment
Key Points:
  • Equal opportunity in government jobs
  • No discrimination in employment matters
  • Reservation allowed for backward classes
Important Note: This article applies only to public (government) employment, not private jobs.
Example: A qualified candidate cannot be denied a government job due to religion or caste.
Article 17 – Abolition of Untouchability
Key Points:
  • Untouchability is abolished
  • Its practice in any form is forbidden
  • Offence punishable by law
Important Note: Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 enforces this article.
Example: Denying temple entry to a person based on caste is illegal.
Article 18 – Abolition of Titles
Key Points:
  • State shall not confer titles
  • Prevents artificial social distinctions
  • Military and academic titles are allowed
Important Note: Bharat Ratna, Padma awards are not titles as they do not confer hereditary privileges.
Example: The government cannot give titles like “Raja” or “Nawab” to citizens.

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